What is Oral Allergy Syndrome?

What is Oral Allergy Syndrome? What is Oral Allergy Syndrome?

 
Oral allergic syndrome has been described as early as 1988 and is a rapid type allergic reaction arising in polynose patients following direct contact of the oral mucosa with plant foods. Such foods are apples, pears, peaches, apricots, melons, kiwi, avocados, bananas, hazelnuts, carrots, tomatoes, potatoes.

Oral allergic syndrome is the most common clinical manifestation of "pollen-food allergy syndrome". 40% of Scandinavians and 25-30% of other Europeans suffering from polynesis report an oral allergic syndrome after eating fresh fruit and vegetables. Interesting here is that allergy from raw products, as the heat treatment of these foods destroys the thermolabile allergens in them.

Oral allergic syndrome belongs to the group of food allergies. Class 2 food allergies arise after sensitization with inhaled allergen-proteins of plant origin and occurs mainly in the elderly. As society grows, there is an increased risk of "new" allergens, and new food and spices are being introduced with the change in eating habits. Modern culinary technologies can lead to a change in the structure and emergence of various food allergens. The likelihood of cross-reactions is also increasing.

In patients with pronounced oral allergic syndrome, sensitization to tree pollen is often observed, and rarely to grass. There are cases of oral allergic syndrome and after consumption of eggs, poultry, seafood.

the oral allergy syndrome is confined to the oral cavity and throat. Symptoms of oral allergic syndrome consist in redness of the lining of the lips, followed by the appearance of papules and vesicles, swelling of the lips, feeling of pharyngeal edema. Allergic feel pruritus and stinging in the oral cavity. This picture develops very quickly, almost immediately after contact with the allergen - up to 15 minutes.


The condition can be complicated with urticaria, facial erythema, laryngeal edema and even anaphylactic shock in the first hour of contact with the allergen.

Acute allergic syndrome may also be accompanied by symptoms in the gastrointestinal tract and rhinoconjunctivitis. Gastrointestinal disorders include nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea, constipation. About 10% of those affected have allergic rhinitis or asthma due to pollen allergy.

Demonstration of food allergy is one of the most difficult in allergology, especially when there is no clear link between the development of clinical picture and the consumption of one or another food when food allergy develops atypically or chronically.

Cross-allergic reactions to pollen and food have been proven, such as:

    Allergy to birch pollen and apple, pear, peach, cherry, hazelnut;
    Allergy to ragweed and watermelon, melon and banana;
    Allergy to grass pollen and tomato;
    Allergy to wild wormwood, celery and parsley.

The treatment of food allergies depends on the correct diagnosis and may be prolonged. The main tools used are strict diet and medical treatment.

The elimination diet aims to remove food and food supplements to which the patient is sensitized. But at the same time, it must be structured so as to provide complete nutrition in terms of calories, vitamins, minerals and prevent further expansion of food allergy. A severely restrictive diet (full hunger) is recommended only in the acute phase of food-induced allergic reactions due to the danger of inadequate nutrition.
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